Page 1 - ch 3
P. 1
Module - I Military Ethos
Military History
of Ancient India
3
Note
MILITARY ETHOS
You have learnt the manner in which ancient Indians organized their armies from a
small unit called the Patti to large armies, which had hundreds of chariots, elephants,
cavalry and foot soldiers. Large armies also required a Commissariat to look after
their logistic needs of food, clothing etc; and since ancient Indians had known and held
war ships, they even thought about an Admiralty. Such an army was required to be
disciplined and loyal to the King at all times. Regular armies trained and practised the
art of fighting. You also learnt about the difference between strategy and tactics.
In this lesson we shall learn about the ethos, which essentially means the customs and
traditions followed by ancient armies. Ethos means, the way a soldier or the unit behaves
in war as well as in public life. For e.g. a soldier is disciplined, he is honest, armies are
loyal to the country and the King. You will learn about the important traditions of the
army such as carrying the Flag or Dhwaj, use of martial music and the courage and
valour displayed by soldiers in the battlefield. Present day armies, the world over,
follow some of these customs even today.
Objectives
After studying this lesson you will be able to:
explain the importance of a flag or Dhwaj as a symbol of importance;
explain the importance of martial music for the soldiers in wars and
illustrate the bravery of the Indian soldier.
3.1 Flag or Dhwaj
A flag had come to be recognized as an important symbol and was carried by kings in
battle. The flag, also called the "Standard", became a recognition of a King and in turn,
also became a recognition of the army. From the days of the Rig Veda, the one symbol
that commanded respect and loyalty of the people was the flag. Even today the Indian
flag is the most respected symbol for all Indians everywhere. Poets have glorified the
flag as more valuable than the King. It was an object of national honour and pride.
14
14
MILITARY HISTORY