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Geo-Politics Module - III

Security and Geo-Strategy
Intext Questions 8.1

1. What is meant by geo-politics?

2. Name the India's neighbouring countries.

3. Explain the term Soft Power.
Note
4. Why was Operation Maitri carried out?

8.2.2 Hard Power

Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or

interests of other nations or political entities.

Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence and
change the behaviour of other countries the way you want it

Hard power is often aggressive and is most effective when imposed by one political
body upon a weaker nation. India has successfully won many battles and has launched
many military operations. In Operation Vijay in 1961, India freed Goa, Daman and
Diu from Portugal. Following the war with Pakistan in 1965, India captured around

740 square miles of territory against Pakistan gaining 210 square miles of territory.
In 1971 India supported Bangladesh's Liberation War. Indian Army took nearly 93,000
Pakistani soldiers as prisoners. India removed the illegal encroachment by Pakistan in

the Siachen Glacier following Operation MEGHDOOT. Indian Army successfully
brought back near normalcy in Naxalite hit areas in the country. Operation Cactus in
1988 restored the government rule in Maldives.

Intext Questions 8.2

1. Explain the meaning of Hard Power.

2. Write is the full form of DRDO.

8.3 Treaties and Alliances

Treaties and Alliances refer to the International relations between countries. It refers to
the Foreign Policy to be followed in order to have good and beneficial relationship.
India, as an independent sovereign country, continues to cooperate with its neighbours
and distant countries. It is important to develop good neighbourly relations which are
strengthened by entering into treaties and alliances. What are these and how important

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MILITARY STUDIES 71