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Module - III Geo-Politics

Security and Geo-Strategy
countries signed an agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet Autonomous
region and India on 29th April 1954.
The preamble of the agreement stated the five principles as follows:

1. Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty
2. Mutual non-aggression
Note 3. Mutual non-interference

4. Equality and mutual benefit and

5. Peaceful Co-existence

8.5.1 Effect of five principles (Panchsheel)

The five principles not only served as a policy between India - China relations but
subsequently extended as a policy framework in the relations with other countries
also. In due course of time, the principles were incorporated into the movement that
came to be called "Non-aligned Movement" or NAM, which came into existence in
1961 when colonial rule collapsed and several Asian and African countries gained
independence. The movement was spearheaded by India along with Egypt, Ghana,
Yugoslavia and Indonesia who became the founding fathers of NAM. The five principles
served as an important policy for the movement aiming to bring about world peace
and security.

What You Have Learnt

• Geopoletics refers to influences of Geography on the relationships between

nations. India is centrally located and is surrounded by countries - Nepal, Bhutan,
Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar.
• Hard power is military power and soft power is the economy and culture etc.
India has a wide range of soft power resources - like yoga, music, classical
dances, cricket, hockey and different dishes. Incase of hand power our army,
airforce and navy has no match in the surrounding countries.
• Treaties and Alliances refer to the international relations between countries. India
is also under obligation of many atreaties - Indo-Sri Lanka accord, India-Russia
friendship treaty, India-Us treaty on Nuclear cooperation. Although India gives
priority to its good relations with the neighbouring countries but different problems
do affect these relation. Pakistan is an headache for India with problems of
Kashmir, terrorism and different wars. Even in Sri Lanka the problems of Indian
Tamils have affected the good relations.

• India has following the principles of Panchsheel and Non-alignment.

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