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Methods of Child Study
Event Sampling: Can be used for noting only specific behaviours like language
or aggression.
Notes
Checklist: a list of parameters on which the teacher (or parent or other adult)
checks the behaviours or traits observed during the period of observation. An
observer may observe an activity or an event and then complete a checklist on
whether or not key behaviours occurred.
Specimen Description: when using specimen description, the observer records
children’s behaviour and all events that are before and subsequent to the
behaviour. The observer may write notes on everything that happens in his or
her presence. Audio-visual devices may also be used for recording the
observations.
There are two types of observations which are :
14.2.2.1 Participant and Non-Participant Observations
Participant observation takes place when an observer participates with children
and in the events being observed. Non-participant observation occurs when
an observer observes events without interacting with the children being
observed.
14.2.2.2 Structured and Unstructured Observations
Structured observation is a technique in which an observer observes events
using a guide that has been planned in advance. Events are recorded according
to the observation guide. The observer is not involved in the activities being
observed, but records them as unnoticeably as possible.
Unstructured observation is a technique in which an observer observes and
record behaviour in a holistic way without the use of pre-determined categories
or guide. Everything that happens on the setting is recorded.
14.2.2.3 Advantages of the Observation Method
1. It provides direct information about behavior of individuals and groups.
2. It helps to gather data when the situation is real and not artificially set up.
3. It is possible to obtain information where laboratory experiments cannot
be conducted.
4. It helps to develop a holistic perspective.
14.2.2.4 Disadvantages of the Observation Method
1. It is expensive and time-consuming
EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND EDUCATION 83
