Page 15 - MILITARY-STUDIES-1

Module - I Concept and Evolution of Military Studies

Military Studies
It was a military school where general education was imparted through a rigorous
course of physical training and the study of the science of offence and defence. The
Rajas of Kerala were great patrons of learning and to them are credited the establishment
of Kalaris in Military Schools. It was presided over by the Panikkar or Kurup.

The youth of the land were taught the use of weapons as well as marital arts such as
fencing, boxing and wrestling. Even the Namboothiri youths received military training
Note
in the Kalari during the wars of the 11th century when the Kalari system came into
vogue. The training received in the Kalaris was called Kalaripayattu.
It was a regular and full-fledged scheme of physical education intended for the youth
of the land. The most promising of the trainees were taught the marmas, viz, the
vulnerable parts of the body. Kalaris were intended to foster martial spirit of the Nairs
and to keep them fit for war.

2.1.3 Physical Education

During ancient times, physical fitness was given prime importance, especially by the
kings and the higher-class warriors. Physical education consisted of strength training;
running; swimming; weight lifting. Along with physical education games formed an
important curriculum of training.

Ancient India had a rich tradition of games that were played and passed on through
generations and cultures. Games were not only meant for leisure but also to develop
mental capabilities and maintain physical fitness. Games played in ancient India were
related to military tactics and strategy. Popular games played by soldiers include
Chaturanga,Chess called Ashatapada or 64 squares, Wrestling and Archery.

2.1.4 Places for Higher Education

Apart from Gurukuls, there were Academies for higher education, similar to what we
call colleges. These were called Parishads, Ashramas, Vidyapeeth, and Ghatikas
etc, depending upon the subjects being taught. Some of the most famous Indian
institutions known worldwide in those times were Takshashila and Nalanda universities.

Vallabhi, Sringeri and Kanchi were other places of learning in ancient India.

ACTIVITY 2.1

Do you know how to play chess or Chaturanga? Well, look up the internet and learn
how Chaturanga and chess are played. This helps in training the mind to formulate
strategy to defeat the opponents king and army.

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MILITARY STUDIES